Kinds Of Heating Systems
Central Heat
Heaters
Most of North American households depend upon a main heater to provide heat. A heater works by blowing heated air through ducts that deliver the warm air to spaces throughout the house through air signs up or barbecues. This kind of heater is called a ducted warm-air or forced warm-air circulation system. It can be powered by electricity, natural gas, or fuel oil.
The flames heat a metal heat exchanger where the heat is transferred to air. Air is pushed through the heat exchanger by the "air handler's" furnace fan and then required through the ductwork downstream of the heat exchanger. Existing minimum-efficiency heaters lower this waste considerably by utilizing an "inducer" fan to pull the exhaust gases through the heat exchanger and cause draft in the chimney.
New heating system standards are currently under development by the U.S. Department of Energy, and are because of be settled in the spring of 2016. The existing heating system standards have actually not been updated because 1987.
Heating system controls manage when the different parts of the heating system turn on and off. The most essential control from your standpoint is the thermostat, which turns the system-- or at least the circulation system-- on and off to keep you comfortable.
The very best gas furnaces and boilers today have effectiveness over 90%.
The efficiency of a fossil-fuel heater or boiler is a measure of the quantity of beneficial heat produced per unit of input energy (fuel). Combustion efficiency is the easiest measure; it is simply the system's performance while it is running. Combustion efficiency resembles the miles per gallon your automobile gets cruising along at 55 miles per hour on the highway.
In the U.S., heater effectiveness is managed by minimum AFUE (Annual Fuel Utilization Efficiency). AFUE estimates seasonal effectiveness, balancing peak and part-load situations. AFUE represent start-up, cool-down, and other operating losses that take place in real operating conditions, and includes a price quote of electricity used by the air handler, inducer fan, and controls. AFUE resembles your cars and truck mileage between fill-ups, including both highway driving and stop-and-go traffic. The greater the AFUE, the more effective the heater or boiler.
Boilers.
Boilers are special-purpose hot water heater. While furnaces carry heat in warm air, boiler systems distribute the heat in hot water, which gives up heat as it goes through radiators or other gadgets in spaces throughout the house. The cooler water then returns to the boiler to be reheated. Hot water systems are often called hydronic systems. Residential boilers normally use natural gas or heating oil for fuel.
In steam boilers, which are much less common in houses today, the water is boiled and steam brings heat through your house, condensing to water in the radiators as it cools. Oil and natural gas are typically used.
Instead of a fan and duct system, a boiler utilizes a pump to circulate hot water through pipes to radiators. Some hot water systems circulate water through plastic tubing in the flooring, a system called glowing floor heating (see "State of the Art Heating").
Similar to heating systems, condensing gas-fired boilers are relatively typical, and considerably more effective than non-condensing boilers (unless very sophisticated controls are utilized). Oil-fired condensing boilers are unusual in the U.S. for numerous reasons connected to lower latent heat potential, and capacity for higher fouling with traditional fuel oil.
Heat Pumps.
Heat pumps are just find more two-way a/c unit (see comprehensive description in the cooling systems area). Throughout the summer, an air conditioning unit works by moving heat from the relatively cool inside your home to the relatively warm exterior. In winter, the heatpump reverses this trick, scavenging heat from the cold outdoors with the help of an electrical system, and discharging that heat inside your house. Almost all heat pumps use forced warm-air delivery systems to move heated air throughout your home.
A ground-source heatpump warms and cools in any environment by exchanging heat with the ground, which has a more constant temperature.
There are 2 fairly common types of heat pumps. Air-source heatpump utilize the that site outdoors air as the heat source in winter and heat sink in summer. Ground-source (likewise called geothermal, GeoExchange, or GX) heatpump get their heat from underground, where temperature levels are more continuous year-round. Air-source heat pumps are far more typical than ground-source heat pumps because they are cheaper and much easier to install. Ground-source heat pumps, nevertheless, are far more efficient, and are frequently picked by consumers who plan to stay in the exact same house for a long period of time, or have a strong desire to live more sustainably. How to figure out whether a heat pump makes good sense in your environment is discussed further under "Fuel Options.".
Whereas an air-source heat pump is installed much like a main air conditioner, ground-source heat pumps need that a "loop" be buried in the ground, normally in long, shallow (3-- 6' deep) trenches or in one or more vertical boreholes. Some systems draw in groundwater and pass it through the heat exchanger rather of using a refrigerant.
Since electricity in a heat pump is utilized to move heat instead of to generate it, the heat pump can provide more energy than it takes in. The ratio of delivered heating energy to consumed energy is called the coefficient of efficiency, or COP, with normal values ranging from 1.5 to 3.5. This is a "steady-state" step and not straight equivalent to the heating season performance factor (HSPF), a seasonal step mandated for ranking the heating performance of air-source heat pumps. Converting between the steps is not uncomplicated, however ground-source systems are generally more efficient than air-source heat pumps.
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